Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the middle of the original Yugoslavia among three republics including Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, and is referred to as "Bosnia and Herzegovina" for short with an area of 51,129 square kilometers. In 1945, people of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia won the anti-fascist war and established the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963), and Bosnia and Herzegovina became one of them. The capital is Sarajevo.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the poor parts of the Confederation during the Yugoslav period and civil war broke out after its independence with serious damage to the economy. At present, the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina is gradually recovering with the transition from a planned economy to a market economy going on at the same time. The country is divided administratively and administratively into three entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (also known as the Mug Federation), the Republika Srpska and the Brcko District.

Bosnia and Herzegovina itself is only the name of the two geographical areas of history and up to 2014 the country still does not directly use the geographical names to represent the political entities. Only the race names Bosnians and Croats as well as Black Federation) and the Serbian (Bosnian Serb Republic) are used to represent the political entities.