The Republic of Sudan is located in the northeastern part of Africa, the coastal area of Red Sea and the east side of the Sahara Desert. Sudan has a total land area of 1,886,068 square kilometers, making it Africa’s 3rd largest country and the world's 15th largest country. Its capital is Khartoum.

Sudan's economic structure is single, mainly including agriculture and animal husbandry, its industry is backward with a weak foundation and is heavily dependent on nature and foreign aid. Sudan is one of the world's least-developed countries declared by the United Nations. It was once listed in failed national indices as "the world's most unstable country".